Judicial principles and studies
Conditions for Actions to Invalidate Transactions and Notes on Non‑revocable Special Power of Attorney
A brief outline of the elements required for an action to invalidate transactions under Jordanian law, and the position of a paid non‑revocable special power of attorney regarding transfer of land ownership.
Updated: 10 September 2026
Prepared and reviewed by: Ashraf Al-Khawaja
Subject
- An action to invalidate a transaction requires several elements: the challenged act must be a financial disposition, and it must impoverish the debtor when the debt is measured against the debtor’s assets (encirclement), with such measurement taking into account deferred and current debts. - The challenged disposition must have occurred at a time when the debtor’s assets would be insufficient to satisfy creditors upon their demand; dispositions that took place before a creditor’s judicial demand to prove insolvency are generally outside challenge unless the disposition itself caused the insolvency. - Additional requirements are that the debt be due and that the creditor’s right be fixed and of a determinable amount. - Regarding a paid non‑revocable special power of attorney: even if the power is valid and enforceable under Article (11) noted in the points, it does not by itself transfer land ownership. Ownership transfer requires execution of the power and registration of the transfer at the Land Department; therefore the mere existence of such a power is not treated as a sale for purposes of an action to invalidate transactions.
Summary
- A successful challenge depends on showing a financial act that produced debtor impoverishment at the relevant time, the debt’s maturity, and that the creditor’s right and amount are established; the timing relative to a creditor’s judicial demand is critical. - A paid non‑revocable special power of attorney does not automatically amount to a sale or transfer of ownership absent execution and registration.
Practical significance
- Practically, claimants must demonstrate encirclement, timing, and the debtor’s inability to meet obligations when creditors press their claims, plus the debt’s maturity and determinacy. - The legal treatment excludes mere non‑revocable powers from being treated as transfers of ownership unless followed by execution and registration. Note: this summary is a general educational overview and is not a judicial text or legal advice.
Sources and references
Verify the official text and latest amendments before relying on this material professionally.