Judicial principles and studies
Reasoning of Judgments — Deficiency in Justification
A brief summary of principles on judicial reasoning and defects from inadequate justification, addressing the effect of motions to annul notification papers, attorney testimony, introduction of new grounds on appeal, and an appellate court’s duties when following a cassation decision.
Updated: 10 September 2026
Prepared and reviewed by: Ashraf Al-Khawaja
Subject
This summary outlines core principles on judicial reasoning and defects in justification, specifically: the effect of filing a motion to annul notification on the deadline for the answering brief and list of evidence (Article 59), the scope of an attorney’s testimony concerning evidence the attorney signed (Article 60/4), the prohibition on introducing new grounds on appeal or cassation, and the duty of an appellate court when following a cassation decision, with reference to cassation decision number (1961-2024).
Summary
- Filing a motion to annul notification does not suspend the statutory deadline to file the answering brief and list of evidence because the defendant is deemed aware of the pending suit and must submit response and evidence within the period set by Article 59. - An attorney’s testimony based on evidence the attorney signed and endorsed is not treated as confidential under the prohibition in Article 60/4. - New grounds not previously raised cannot be introduced in the appellate or cassation stages prior to cassation review. - When an appellate court follows a cassation decision, it must decide the case according to the point reversed and the content of the higher decision; merely repeating its prior ruling without addressing the cassation’s findings renders its decision defective for lack of reasoning and contrary to procedural provisions (Articles 160, 188, 202).
Practical significance
- Parties must file their answering brief and list of evidence within the prescribed timeframe even if they move to annul notification papers. - Attorneys can be compelled to testify about evidence they signed; such testimony is not automatically barred by Article 60/4. - Litigants should present all grounds and defenses at the earliest stages, as raising new grounds later is generally impermissible. - Appellate courts must implement cassation rulings substantively and provide adequate reasoning when doing so, otherwise their decisions risk being flawed for insufficient justification. This is an educational summary only; it is not a judicial text or legal advice.
Sources and references
Verify the official text and latest amendments before relying on this material professionally.