Judicial principles and studies
Validity of Representation, Agent Removal, and Their Effect on Proceedings
The points indicate that a power of attorney remains effective until final adjudication unless the file shows its termination, and that notice to a former agent is effective if no dismissal is recorded in the case file.
Updated: 10 September 2026
Prepared and reviewed by: Ashraf Al-Khawaja
Subject
The points address the continuity of a power of attorney until the final stages of litigation unless the case file contains proof that the agent was removed or the agency terminated for reasons listed in Article 862 of the Civil Code. They also consider the effect of attaching a new power or issuing judicial notices of removal on earlier procedures.
Summary
- A power of attorney remains effective unless facts proving removal or termination are established before the court and recorded in the case file. - Adding a new power of attorney or sending judicial notices of removal does not nullify prior steps taken if removal has not been proven to the court. - If the file lacks any document showing that a party dismissed its agent or that the agent resigned, service on the former agent during appellate proceedings is valid and produces legal effects. - Each stage of litigation is independent of other stages, and what appears in the judgment’s operative part does not override the actual facts recorded in the minutes. - Rules of procedure fix the sequence for presenting evidence; evidence offered outside its turn is formally inadmissible.
Practical significance
- Parties relying on a new agent must ensure the removal is proven in the case file to produce its intended effects. - Service on a prior agent remains effective when no dismissal appears in the file. - Observing the prescribed order for submitting evidence prevents formal rejection of that evidence. - The factual record governs, so reliance should be on proven facts rather than solely on the wording of the judgment. Note: This is an educational summary for review purposes only; it is not a judicial text nor legal advice.
Sources and references
Verify the official text and latest amendments before relying on this material professionally.