Legal studies

Studies to help you understand the next step.

General legal studies on questions relevant to individuals and companies in Jordan. Review your matter’s facts before relying on it professionally.

Showing 32 of 372 studies

Judicial principles and studies

Distinguishing Creditor's Action for Non-Effect of Debtor's Disposition from Annulment under Article 13 of the Real Property Law

A brief summary clarifying the substantive distinction between annulment claims under Article 13 of the Real Property Law and creditors' actions to render a debtor's disposition non-effective under the Civil Code, highlighting effects on buyers and creditors.

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Judicial principles and studies

Sham Contracts, Their Proof, and Partners' Testimony

A concise summary of the division between absolute and relative sham contracts, limits on proof methods, the admissibility of partners' testimony in an LLC, and the option to raise sham as a defense or separate claim.

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Judicial principles and studies

Defense Law and Its Effects on Fixed‑Term Employment Contracts and Their Renewal

This study summarizes how the defense law and its related orders issued during the COVID period affected fixed‑term employment contracts, focusing on automatic renewal rules, their conditions, and consequences of employer non‑compliance.

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Judicial principles and studies

Request to Defer Fees: Rules and the Relationship between Loan and Insurance Contracts

The study summarizes the court's rules on requests to defer fees under Article 173 and a legal principle that life insurance taken by the borrower in favor of the lender precludes heirs from claiming the loan balance after death.

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Judicial principles and studies

Rescission of Sale Contract for Fraud/Misrepresentation — Limitation and Hidden Defect Implications

This study summarizes how fraud/misrepresentation affects rescission claims in sale contracts, and the need to establish fraud before determining the applicable limitation period for hidden defects.

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Judicial principles and studies

Relative Effect of Contracts, Stipulation for a Third Party, and Burden of Proof

The legal points indicate that contracts bind the contracting parties and their universal successors; a stipulation for a third party can create a direct right for that third party; agency or representation must be proved and the burden of proof rests on the claimant.

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Judicial principles and studies

Import Stamp Duties Schedule: Applying Fees to Contracts and Transactions

Summary outlining the scope of Article (1/First/A) of the import stamp duties schedule, the interpretation of "registration," and the distinction between contractual and additional works.

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Judicial principles and studies

Joinder of Multiple Defendants in One Suit When There Are Multiple Employers

Article 70/3 allows joining multiple defendants in a single action where the claimant’s employment relations with more than one employer are so interlinked that rights cannot be determined separately. Refusing joinder would fragment the proceedings.

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Judicial principles and studies

Res judicata, Contract Characterization and Theory of Contract Reduction

A brief summary of how res judicata as a public-order defense operates, rules for characterizing contracts, and when the theory of contract reduction applies if an inducing condition is void.

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Judicial principles and studies

Defense Law: Notification No. (8) on Fixed‑term Employment Contracts

A brief summary of Notification No. (8) issued under Order No. (6) detailing automatic renewal rules for fixed‑term employment contracts, limits on termination, and consequences of employer noncompliance.

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Judicial principles and studies

Rent Modification and Decisive Oath in Lease Contracts — Examination

This study addresses divergent precedents on proving rent modifications in written leases by decisive oath and the need to harmonize case law. It examines the interaction between the Evidence Law and the probative strength of a decisive oath.

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Judicial principles and studies

Labor dispute claims: employer's obligation to return employee documents

A concise overview of the scope of individual labor disputes tied to labor law or employment contracts, and the employer's duty to return promissory notes and deposited employee documents.

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Judicial principles and studies

Insurance Contract and the Concept of "Knowledge of Loss" in Theft/Embezzlement Cases

This summary outlines reciprocal obligations in insurance contracts and the legal meaning of "knowledge of loss," explaining when that knowledge is deemed to arise in a theft of stock held at the insurer's premises. It notes that unverified suspicions do not constitute knowledge of loss.

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Judicial principles and studies

Continued Employment and Releases in Repeated Fixed‑term Contracts

Summary explaining that releases signed while the worker remains employed are void, and that repeating fixed‑term contracts to strip employee rights conflicts with labour law and local service rules.

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Judicial principles and studies

Annulment of the Appellate Decision and Effects of Workplace Transfer in Fixed‑term Contracts

Summary setting out the effects of annulling an appellate decision on the appeal process and how law treats an employer's transfer of a worker where a contract contains a transfer clause and the 30‑day notice is not observed.

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Judicial principles and studies

Judicial Inferences in Cases of a Ward and Medical Expertise

The study examines when contracts made by a ward may be annulled based on defective will, the decisive role of medical expertise and judicial circumstantial evidence, and the limited application of Article 13(b) of the Real Property Law.

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Judicial principles and studies

Administrative Delegation: Acts Beyond Authority and Apparent Agency

General rule: a principal company is not bound by contracts made by its delegate outside the scope of authority and without consent, unless the third party proves an external appearance that justified believing in representation.

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Judicial principles and studies

Burden of proving legitimacy of dismissal when employed by two companies

This study summarizes who bears the burden of proving a lawful dismissal, the court’s reliance on social security explanations for wage determination, and the situation of an employee with two separate employments.

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Judicial principles and studies

End-of-service Compensation and Work Interruptions Exceeding Sixty Days

This study outlines how periods of interruption affect continuity of service for end-of-service pay, and clarifies the effects of subsequent contracts, settlements, and resignation on an employee’s financial rights.

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Judicial principles and studies

Summary: Notification No. 8 issued under Defense Order No. 6

This study summarizes Notification No. 8 under Defense Order No. 6 and its effect on fixed‑term employment contracts in the context of defense measures taken during the COVID‑19 pandemic.

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Judicial principles and studies

Distinguishing Sale and Supply Contracts and Contractual Characterization

The study outlines rules for characterizing a relationship as a sale or a supply contract, highlighting requirements for short limitation and the burden of proof. It also notes the court's role in interpreting contracts based on parties' intent and the evidence.

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Judicial principles and studies

Code of Civil Procedure — Valuation of Contract Rescission Claims

The study summarizes rules for valuing contract-rescission claims affecting court fees, emphasizing the requirement to produce original contracts and the court's duty to verify fees ex officio.

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Judicial principles and studies

Distinguishing Employment Contracts from Mudaraba (Partnership) by Subordination and Remuneration

A brief summary explaining when a relationship is treated as a partnership (mudaraba) rather than employment, the court's role in characterization, and the distinction between legal and organizational subordination.

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Judicial principles and studies

Criterion for Distinguishing Employment Contracts and Agency Agreements

This summary outlines the core difference between employment and agency contracts regarding the nature of tasks and legal subordination, noting that agency excludes material acts under the civil definition.

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Judicial principles and studies

Hidden Gift and Simulated Sale: Legal Characterization and Consequences

A concise summary of how courts recharacterize contracts when a sale conceals a gift, the formalities issue and special rules on land allocations. Emphasizes identifying the law in force at the time of the transaction.

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Judicial principles and studies

Compensation for Void Contracts

The study recognizes a principle permitting damages for a void contract treated as a factual act under tort law, alongside ordering restitution to the pre-contractual state.

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Judicial principles and studies

Interpreting Arbitration Clauses in Insurance Contracts and a Responsive Pleading Filed under Article (5)

An arbitration clause referring valuation disputes to arbitration confines arbitrators' jurisdiction to both entitlement and quantum of compensation. A responsive pleading filed pursuant to Article (5) of the Courts of Peace law may not be used to decide an arbitration referral request.

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Judicial principles and studies

Compensation, Contractual Liability, Contract Termination, and Technical Expertise

A brief overview of principles on seller obligations in sale contracts, limits of technical expert reports in compensation claims, proof requirements for damage and lost profits, and the link between legal interest and insolvency declarations. This is an educational summary, not judicial text or legal advice.

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Commercial Contracts

Commercial Contracts in Jordan: A Practical Guide Before Signing and During Performance

A bilingual educational guide to party due diligence, signing authority, scope, invoicing, records, customs and common risks in Jordanian commercial contracts, with an express update and professional-advice disclaimer.

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Real Estate and Lease Law

Lease Disputes in Jordan: A Practical Guide for Landlords and Tenants

This article explains the general legal context of lease disputes in Jordan, common sources of conflict, and the importance of contracts, evidence, and lawful procedures. It is general information only; the facts and law in force should be reviewed with a Jordanian lawyer before any action.

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Contracts and construction

Delay Claims in Jordanian Construction Contracts: Organising the File Before a Dispute

A delay claim does not begin when it is submitted. It begins with the contract, a provable notice, and a timeline connecting the event to its actual effect.

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Contracts and construction

How Can Construction Contract Risks Be Reduced in Jordan?

Practical points for reviewing a construction contract before signing, from scope to delay, claims, and dispute resolution.

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